l-carnitine a nutrient in red meat promotes atherosclerosis Trimethylamine N-Oxide From Gut Microbiota Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: Focus on Diet Association between red meat consumption

10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00561-9

Preclinical investigations consistently demonstrate that L-carnitine supplementation ameliorates metabolic disturbances in experimental NAFLD/NASH models

Neuroendocrine effects of carnitines on reproductive impairments

L-carnitine itself, as well as several of its metabolites, including GBB, crotonobetaine, and trimethylamine-n-oxide (TMAO), have been associated with cerebrovascular dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (Figure 1), which is then absorbed into the bloodstream and converted to TMAO in the liver ( APOE -dependent differences in the gut microbiota in both humans and APOE-TR mice ( APOE genotypes on the L-carnitine system, upon which FAO is largely dependent, have not yet been examined either