effects of l-carnitine thorough several pathways might have beneficial on Potential effects of l-Carnitine supplementation

Thioredoxin (Trx), present in the cytosol as Trx1 and in mitochondria as Trx2, is oxidized and upregulated in response to oxidative stress and elevated ROS levels

Acetylcholine can modulate CAP signaling within macrophages, particularly through the JAK2/STAT3/NF-B pathway, which consequently reduces the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines

in Jankovic J, Hallett M (eds): Therapy with Botulinum Toxin

A study on rats revealed another immunoregulatory mechanism: rats were fed lycopene supplements for 2 months, and the results concluded that levels of proinflammatory cytokines and immunoglobins were reduced in prostate cells