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The CDC reports that over 7,000 chemicals and heavy metals can be found in a cigarette, many of which are known to have toxic effects on the body

To address how cigarette smoke affects macrophages mechanistically to provide a concise overview, we highlight the effect of cigarette smoke on three main pathways that influence macrophage phenotype and activity: the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-B) signalling pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway, and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signalling pathway

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Public Health. The New England Journal of Medicine