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The implications of relying on pack-year history alone while not considering duration of smoking are substantial for lung cancer, in particular regarding population screening with low-dose CT

Around 80% of the world's 1.2 billion tobacco users live in low- and middle-income countries Nicotine is highly addictive and harmful, particularly for children, adolescents and young adults whose brains are still developing

"Pityriasis rosea." Accessed November 06, 2024

Men with 20 pack-years had an aHR of 1.29 (95% CI 1.181.42), while women with 10 pack-years had an aHR of 1.75 (95% CI 1.122.73) for MASLD with significant fibrosis [60]