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Thus, the present study provides clear evidence that, at least in Nile tilapia, dietary l-carnitine is physiologically utilised in the transport of acyl-carnitine into mitochondria and improves FA utilisation, while dietary d-carnitine appears to be treated as a xenobiotic and disrupts metabolism

Dermatol Ther 32:e13049

While radiation induces ROS production that has a key role in induction of DNA double-strand breaks and activation of apoptosis signaling pathways, recent studies have shown that treatment with L-carnitine and its derivatives as potent antioxidants can inhibit DNA damage and activate DNA-repair genes through ROS reduction (65)

while L-Theanine is more associated with calm mental clarity