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Key Points Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signalling plays a major part in fuel metabolism and in the regulation of body composition Obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, exerts a strong negative effect on the spontaneous pulsatile secretion of GH, which has been associated with adverse metabolic complications GH administration in individuals with abdominal obesity reduces visceral and total body adipose tissue mass, as well as levels of total and LDL cholesterol Increasing the endogenous pulsatile GH secretion in individuals with obesity has metabolic effects similar to those obtained by the administration of exogenous GH but potentially with less adverse effects on glucose metabolism Mouse models with altered GH signalling provide a useful means for a comparative analysis of GH action in obesity The role of the GH/IGF-1 axis in modifying obesity must be assessed in light of newly emerging data that highlight the complexity of adipose tissue This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution Access options Subscribe to this journal Receive 12 print issues and online access 119.00 per year only 9.92 per issue Buy this article Purchase on SpringerLink Instant access to the full article PDF