immediate cellular glutathion precursor Appraising the Role of Astrocytes as Suppliers of Neuronal Glutathione Precursors Mode of action of Glutathione

Bi(III) is nontoxic, selective, stable, and rigid, and it effectively interacts with cysteine residues in peptides and proteins

71 Oral nano delivery systems can not only protect antidiabetic phytocompounds from enzymatic and/or chemical degradation in GIT but also provide other benefits, such as avoidance of first-pass metabolism, improvement of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile, fast onset of action, targeted drug delivery, sustained drug release, lower dose and dosing frequency, and fewer side effects

Kumar A, Ratan RR

Phase I metabolism reactions include N- and O-dealkylation, N- and S-oxidation, aliphatic and aromatic hydroxylation and deamination [135]