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Plasmalogens as endogenous antioxidants: somatic cell mutants reveal the importance of the vinyl ether

Unlike other known types of cell death, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis, cuproptosis results from Cu-mediated mitochondrial proteolipid acylation, causing DNA damage, lipid dysregulation, mitochondrial structural abnormalities, and dysfunction, ultimately leading to cell death ( Table 1 )

, Reference Burroni, Orsi, Monti, Hayek, Rocchi and Vattimo2008)

Furthermore, NINJ1 appears to play a role in the later stages of ferroptotic cell death processes (cell lysis/LDH release) [33] and is dispensable for initial steps such as lipid peroxidation, channel-mediated calcium influx, and cell swelling [35]