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Description
Additionally, free radical scavenging actions are induced by melatonin metabolites, such as C 3 OHM, AFMK, and AMK [32]
In summary, ALA offers therapeutic benefits by reducing metal-induced oxidative damage and enhancing antioxidant activity through metal chelation
Rae and Williams 2017
This causes the release of cyt c into the cell cytoplasm, which then activates a caspase cascade, particularly caspase-3 and caspase-9, resulting in mitochondrial impairment and triggering apoptosis (Yao et al., 2021)
