l-carnitine molecule Acetylcarnitine L-carnitine, Levocarnitine, Carnitine, C7H15NO3 molecule.

As a result, defenses against ROS are activated 14 by an array of nonenzymatic antioxidants [metabolites such as ascorbate (AsA), carotenoids, glutathione (GSH) and proline] and antioxidant enzymes [such as guaiacol peroxidases (GPOX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and AsA-GSH cycle enzymes like glutathione reductase (GR) ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR)], work together for detoxification of ROS 7,8,15,16,17,18,19,20

doi: 10.3390/ijms21020606

Moreover, some studies revealed that high fat diet promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokine production, apoptosis, protein and mitochondrial damage, and reduced ATP content

J., Linnoila R