muco mestro enzito cysteine glutathione Intercellular antioxidant support Mitochondrial Glutathione, a Key Survival

Metabolism and the UPR(mt) Mol

Accumulation of iron in the SN has also been demonstrated to contribute to oxidative stress during PD

In BV2 microglial cell lines subjected to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation, both lactylation-mediated inhibition of p53 activity and direct knockdown of p53 protein can disrupt the control of the NF-B inflammatory signaling pathway, ultimately leading to abnormal expression of pro-inflammatory factors and M1 polarization of microglia [132]

Concurrently, eIF-2 phosphorylation promotes the integrated stress response to support cell survival during haem insufficiency [44]