when should i take l carnitine before workout L-Carnitine as Pre-Workout Supplement: Guide L-Carnitine Dosage Guide: How Much

Guan F, Ni T, Zhu W, Williams LK, Cui L-B, Li M, et al

Collectively, these findings suggest that L-carnitine promotes -oxidation, reduces hepatic lipid accumulation, and exerts antioxidant effects, potentially through the AMPK-SIRT1-PPAR-PGC1-CPT1 signaling network

10.1155/2017/7478523 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Wasik A., Antkiewicz-Michaluk L

This process is primarily mediated by the PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)Parkinubiquitin pathway, in which PINK1 recruits and activates Parkin on dysfunctional mitochondria, leading to ubiquitination of mitochondrial substrates and their clearance via proteasomal or lysosomal pathways [79,80,81]