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The mechanism involves upregulation of VEGF expression a key growth factor in new blood vessel formation and activation of ERK1/2 signaling pathways that drive cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis

Childhood-onset Takayasu arteritis: a 15-year experience from a tertiary referral center

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In vascular injury models, BPC-157 promotes healing of blood vessel damage and prevents pathological thrombus formation while supporting physiological hemostasis
